Functions of Behavior |
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All behavior serves a purpose (function). All behavior is maintained by one of the four functions of behavior. The four functions of behavior are: escape/avoidance from aversive tasks/situations/ people, attention, access to tangibles, and automatic (sensory). Behavior can maintained by multiple functions which is referred to as dually maintained behaviors.
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Determining the FunctionBefore a behavior is targeted for change, it is important to determine the function of the behavior. If a behavior is changed or reduced without providing a functionally equivalent alternative, new behavior often maladaptive behavior can develop. To determine the function of a behavior a functional analysis (FA) or a functional behavior assessment (FBA) can be conducted. An FA utilizes experimental manipulations to determine the function of the behavior. An FBA utilizes a variety of assessment tools including direct observation, checklists, and questionnaires to hypothesize the function of a target behavior. ABC recording is often utilized to determine the function of the behavior.
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ABC Recording
ABC recording is a direct assessment method that can be utilized to help determine the function of the behavior. When taking ABC data three categories are recorded. A (antecedents) everything that occurs before the behavior of interest is jotted down. B (behavior) the behavior of interest is recorded. C (consequence) what happens immediately after the behavior is recorded. ABC data can be recorded on a variety of forms including checklists to make recording of data easier.
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